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Amniotic band syndrome is a rare disorder with reported incidence of 1 in 15000. The spectrum of the presentation includes a simple Streeter band on one side to multiple anomalies including craniofacial malformation. In the present case, an 18-year-old primigravida with presented with 18 weeks 3 days’ period of gestation and complains of per vaginal leak. A male fetus weighing 520 g with attached umbilical cord measuring 4 cm was received. External examination of the fetus revealed cleft lip with cleft palate, low-set ears, clubfoot on the right side, amputation of left leg 2.3 cm away from the tibial tuberosity and left palm syndactyly. Microscopic examination of the organs was within normal limits. This case is presented with an intention to contribute to the existing literature and to present the range of anomalies that is seen with this condition, with an emphasis on early detection and diagnosis.

Byline: Laxmi. Pattanashetti, Basanagouda. Patil, Harsha. Hegde, Ranjit. Kangle AIM: The present study explored Cynodon dactylon hydro-ethanolic extract (CDE) effect on scopolamine-induced amnesic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: C. dactylon extract [...]

Grading system for prostatic cancer (PC) was first described in1966 by Dr. Donald Gleason. Over the years, histologic, clinical diagnosis and management of PCa have evolved, leading to revisions of the Gleason system first by the International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) in 2005 and more recently in 2014. Unlike the original Gleason score (GS) ranging from 2 to 10, the current system no longer assign Scores 2-5, the lowest score being 6. The new grading system of 2014 proposed Five Grade Groups based on revised GS which produces a smaller number of grades with the most significant prognostic differences and may contribute to a decrease in the overtreatment of low-grade PC detected by prostate-specific antigen screening. This review provides an update on the evolution and revision of the Gleason grading system, with a discussion on the deficiencies, benefits, and limitations of the revised and new grading system of ISUP 2005, 2014, and 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a case of primary pulmonary Hodgkin′s disease presenting as an endobronchial mass. Tissue diagnosis was made by microscopic examination following open thoracotomy and excision biopsy of the mass. The patient responded well to the chemotherapy regimen.

Horseshoe kidney is one of the most common congenital urologic anomalies, with an incidence of 1 in 400 live births. The presence of this type of fusion anomaly of kidneys with resultant progression to renal pathology sometimes may remain obscured or dormant, due to the person being asymptomatic for years, only to be incidentally encountered during an autopsy, or during a cadaveric dissection. Similarly, during routine cadaveric dissection, we came across with a list of variations along with congenital anomalous horseshoe kidney. In this case report, we discuss about anatomical variation and pathological findings of horseshoe kidney. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims & Objective: To evaluate effect of lansoprazole on acute and sub-acute models of inflammation in rats. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in two models of inflammation viz; carrageenan induced rat paw edema and foreign body induced granuloma. Animals were divided into three groups. Control group received 0.5ml of 1% gum acacia suspension while test groups received lansoprazole and aspirin. The rat paw volume was measured with the help of a mercury plethysmograph at regular intervals and percentage inhibition of edema was calculated. In sub-acute model of inflammation, two sterile cotton pellets and two sterile grass piths were implanted subcutaneously in the axilla and groin. The treatment was started on the day of implantation and was repeated every twenty-four hours, regularly, for ten days. On eleventh day, rats were sacrificed and mean granuloma dry weight of cotton pellets for various groups was calculated. The sections of grass piths were sent for histopathological studies. Results: In the present study, lansoprazole showed significant anti-inflammatory effect in acute as well as sub-acute models of inflammation when compared to control. Conclusion: Lansoprazole showed anti-inflammatory effect in the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malformations are common in twin pregency compared to singleton pregnancy. One such rare anomaly is Chorangiophagus parasiticus also known as twin to twin transfusion which is an asymmetric abnormality of monozygotic twins, where asymmetric twin survive by parasitisizing normal twin. It's a rare condition with an incidence of 1 in 35.000 deliveries. We report such a case with complete autopsy findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sirenomelia, a developmental defect involving the caudal region of the body, is associated with several internal visceral anomalies. We report a detailed spectrum of anomalies in an autopsy study of four fetuses with sirenomelia (gestational ages – 20, 21, 22.4, and 22.5 weeks). Three of the fetuses had single umbilical artery, with genitourinary and gastrointestinal anomalies. Central nervous system anomalies were evident in two of the fetuses, with alobar holoprosencephaly in one and lumbar meningomyelocele in another. The most common gastrointestinal anomaly was blind ended gut (imperforate anus), while esophageal atresia and omphalocele were noted in one case each. Renal hypoplasia was seen in two fetuses, renal agenesis in one and cystic renal dysplasia was noted in one case. Literature regarding pathogenesis of this condition is briefly discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD; also called Kikuchi disease) is a rare disorder clinically characterized by lymphadenopathy along with constitutional symptoms and several systemic features which may closely mimic infections, malignancies, and autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder which may have several clinical manifestations similar to KFD. Association of KFD with SLE is only rarely described, and whether this is a chance incidence or Kikuchi disease is a localized manifestation of SLE per se remains a matter of debate. We report here coexistence of these two diseases in 1 patient.